From 931944167eb1ccbcff2adca06167e44232ed63f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yjj38 <yjj.hustler@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 May 2025 16:49:38 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Refactor and enhance ShellUtils; add ClassUtils utility.

Refactored ShellUtils to improve safety, error handling, and modularity, including checks for command safety, better error logging, and execution timeout handling. Introduced a new ClassUtils utility for operations on classes, such as retrieving short class names, converting between primitive and wrapper types, and handling interfaces and superclasses.
---
 .idea/.name                                   |    2 +-
 .idea/deploymentTargetSelector.xml            |    4 +-
 .../com/example/studyapp/MainActivity.java    |  265 ++---
 .../example/studyapp/autoJS/AutoJsUtil.java   |  131 +++
 .../studyapp/device/ChangeDeviceInfo.java     |  178 +++
 .../com/example/studyapp/device/Native.java   |   28 +
 .../studyapp/proxy/CustomVpnService.java      |  149 +--
 .../example/studyapp/utils/ClassUtils.java    | 1027 +++++++++++++++++
 .../example/studyapp/utils/MemberUtils.java   |  199 ++++
 .../studyapp/utils/ReflectionHelper.java      | 1001 ++++++++++++++++
 .../example/studyapp/utils/ShellUtils.java    |  252 +++-
 .../com/example/studyapp/utils/V2rayUtil.java |   65 ++
 app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml     |   45 +-
 err.log                                       |  151 ++-
 14 files changed, 3149 insertions(+), 348 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/autoJS/AutoJsUtil.java
 create mode 100644 app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/ChangeDeviceInfo.java
 create mode 100644 app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/Native.java
 create mode 100644 app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ClassUtils.java
 create mode 100644 app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/MemberUtils.java
 create mode 100644 app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ReflectionHelper.java

diff --git a/.idea/.name b/.idea/.name
index 821629e..a6b4d7b 100644
--- a/.idea/.name
+++ b/.idea/.name
@@ -1 +1 @@
-study.App
\ No newline at end of file
+V2rayUtil.java
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/.idea/deploymentTargetSelector.xml b/.idea/deploymentTargetSelector.xml
index 31f028c..5acfdeb 100644
--- a/.idea/deploymentTargetSelector.xml
+++ b/.idea/deploymentTargetSelector.xml
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
     <selectionStates>
       <SelectionState runConfigName="app">
         <option name="selectionMode" value="DROPDOWN" />
-        <DropdownSelection timestamp="2025-05-26T09:42:51.679223700Z">
+        <DropdownSelection timestamp="2025-05-29T05:57:33.756287400Z">
           <Target type="DEFAULT_BOOT">
             <handle>
-              <DeviceId pluginId="Default" identifier="serial=10.255.31.151:5555;connection=cafb3fe2" />
+              <DeviceId pluginId="Default" identifier="serial=8.217.74.194:1151;connection=7a73959e" />
             </handle>
           </Target>
         </DropdownSelection>
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/MainActivity.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/MainActivity.java
index 8c406d8..3946452 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/MainActivity.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/MainActivity.java
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ package com.example.studyapp;
 
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.app.AlertDialog;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
+import android.content.ServiceConnection;
 import android.net.Uri;
 import android.net.VpnService;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
@@ -29,18 +29,12 @@ import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
 import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
 
+import com.example.studyapp.autoJS.AutoJsUtil;
 import com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService;
-import com.example.studyapp.request.ScriptResultRequest;
-import com.example.studyapp.service.CloudPhoneManageService;
+import com.example.studyapp.utils.ReflectionHelper;
 
-import java.io.File;
-import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
-
-import retrofit2.Call;
-import retrofit2.Callback;
-import retrofit2.Response;
-import retrofit2.Retrofit;
-import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     private static final int REQUEST_CODE_STORAGE_PERMISSION = 1;
@@ -48,12 +42,6 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
 
     private static final int ALLOW_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION_CODE = 1001;
 
-    private static final int REQUEST_CODE_VPN = 2;
-
-    private BroadcastReceiver scriptResultReceiver;
-
-    private ActivityResultLauncher<Intent> vpnRequestLauncher;
-
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
@@ -72,7 +60,7 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
             }
         } else {
             // 针对 Android 11 及更高版本检查全文件管理权限
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R && !Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
+            if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
                 // 请求权限
                 Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_APP_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
                 intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
@@ -80,13 +68,32 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
             }
         }
 
+        if (!isNetworkAvailable(this)) {
+            Toast.makeText(this, "Network is not available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+            finish();
+        }
         // 初始化按钮
         Button runScriptButton = findViewById(R.id.run_script_button);
         if (runScriptButton != null) {
-            runScriptButton.setOnClickListener(v -> runAutojsScript());
+            runScriptButton.setOnClickListener(v -> AutoJsUtil.runAutojsScript(this));
         } else {
             Toast.makeText(this, "Button not found", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
         }
+
+        Button connectButton = findViewById(R.id.connectVpnButton);
+        if (connectButton != null) {
+            connectButton.setOnClickListener(v -> startProxyVpn(this));
+        } else {
+            Toast.makeText(this, "Connect button not found", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        }
+
+        Button disconnectButton = findViewById(R.id.disconnectVpnButton);
+        if (disconnectButton != null) {
+            disconnectButton.setOnClickListener(v -> stopProxy(this));
+        } else {
+            Toast.makeText(this, "Disconnect button not found", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        }
+
     }
 
     private void startProxyVpn(Context context) {
@@ -130,55 +137,103 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     @Override
     public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
         super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
-
         if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_STORAGE_PERMISSION) {
             if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
-                Toast.makeText(this, "Permissions granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-
-                if (!isNetworkAvailable(this)) {
-                    Toast.makeText(this, "Network is not available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                // 启动 VPN 服务
-                startProxyVpn(this);
+                Toast.makeText(this, "Storage Permissions granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
             } else {
+                // 提示权限被拒绝，同时允许用户重新授予权限
                 showPermissionExplanationDialog();
             }
         }
     }
 
+
     @Override
     protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
         super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
 
-        if (requestCode == ALLOW_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION_CODE) {
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R && Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
-                if (!isNetworkAvailable(this)) {
-                    Toast.makeText(this, "Network is not available", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-                    return;
-                }
-                // 启动 VPN 服务
-                startProxyVpn(this);
-            } else {
-                // 权限未授予，可提示用户
-                Toast.makeText(this, "请授予所有文件管理权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-            }
+        switch (requestCode) {
+            case ALLOW_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION_CODE:
+                handleStoragePermissionResult(resultCode);
+                break;
+            case VPN_REQUEST_CODE:
+                handleVpnPermissionResult(resultCode);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleStoragePermissionResult(int resultCode) {
+        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.R && Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
+            Toast.makeText(this, "Storage Permissions granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        } else {
+            Toast.makeText(this, "请授予所有文件管理权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+            finish();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void stopProxy(Context context) {
+        if (context == null) {
+            Log.e("stopProxy", "上下文为空，无法停止服务");
+            return;
         }
 
-        if (requestCode == VPN_REQUEST_CODE && resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
-            // Permission granted, now you can start your VpnService
+        boolean isServiceStopped = true;
+        try {
+            Object instance = ReflectionHelper.getInstance("com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService", "instance");
+            if (instance != null) {
+                // 尝试获取 onDestroy 方法并调用
+                Method onDestroyMethod = instance.getClass().getMethod("onDestroy");
+                onDestroyMethod.invoke(instance);
+                Log.d("stopProxy", "服务已成功停止");
+            } else {
+                isServiceStopped = false;
+                Log.w("stopProxy", "实例为空，服务可能未启动");
+            }
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            isServiceStopped = false;
+            Log.e("stopProxy", "服务未提供 onDestroy 方法: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        } catch (InvocationTargetException | IllegalAccessException e) {
+            isServiceStopped = false;
+            Log.e("stopProxy", "无法调用 onDestroy 方法: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            isServiceStopped = false;
+            Log.e("stopProxy", "停止服务时发生未知错误: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+
+        // 显示用户提示（主线程）
+        String message = isServiceStopped ? "VPN 服务已停止" : "停止 VPN 服务失败";
+        new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).post(() ->
+                Toast.makeText(context, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show());
+    }
+
+    private void handleVpnPermissionResult(int resultCode) {
+        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
+
             Intent intent = new Intent(this, CustomVpnService.class);
+
+            if (intent == null) {
+                Log.e("handleVpnPermissionResult", "Intent is null. Cannot start service.");
+                showToastOnUiThread(this, "Failed to start VPN service due to null intent.");
+                return;
+            }
+
             try {
                 if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
-                    this.startForegroundService(intent);
+                    startForegroundService(intent);
                 } else {
-                    this.startService(intent);
+                    startService(intent);
                 }
             } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
-                e.printStackTrace();
+                Log.e("handleVpnPermissionResult", "Failed to start VPN service", e);
                 showToastOnUiThread(this, "Failed to start VPN service");
             }
+
+        } else {
+            // 其他结果代码处理逻辑
+            showToastOnUiThread(this, "VPN permission denied or failed.");
+            Log.e("handleVpnPermissionResult", "VPN permission denied or failed with resultCode: " + resultCode);
         }
     }
 
@@ -199,8 +254,8 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
     @Override
     protected void onDestroy() {
         super.onDestroy();
-        if (scriptResultReceiver != null) {
-            unregisterReceiver(scriptResultReceiver);
+        if (AutoJsUtil.scriptResultReceiver != null) {
+            unregisterReceiver(AutoJsUtil.scriptResultReceiver);
         }
     }
 
@@ -208,114 +263,12 @@ public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
         ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
         if (connectivityManager != null) {
             Network network = connectivityManager.getActiveNetwork();
-            NetworkCapabilities capabilities = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
-            return capabilities != null && capabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
+            if (network != null) {
+                NetworkCapabilities capabilities = connectivityManager.getNetworkCapabilities(network);
+                return capabilities != null && capabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                        && capabilities.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+            }
         }
         return false;
     }
-
-
-    private void runAutojsScript() {
-        // 定义脚本文件路径
-        File scriptFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "脚本/chromium.js");
-
-        // 检查文件是否存在
-        if (!scriptFile.exists()) {
-            Toast.makeText(this, "Script file not found: " + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // 检查 Auto.js 应用是否安装
-        if (!isAppInstalled("org.autojs.autojs6")) {
-            Toast.makeText(this, "Auto.js app not installed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // 准备启动 Auto.js 的 Intent
-        Intent intent = new Intent();
-        intent.setClassName("org.autojs.autojs6", "org.autojs.autojs.external.open.RunIntentActivity");
-        intent.putExtra("path", scriptFile.getAbsolutePath()); // 传递脚本路径
-        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-
-        // 启动 Auto.js
-        try {
-            // 模拟：通过广播监听脚本运行结果
-            registerScriptResultReceiver(); // 注册结果回调监听（假设脚本通过广播返回结果）
-            startActivity(intent);
-            Toast.makeText(this, "Running script: " + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
-            Toast.makeText(this, "Failed to run script", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 检查目标应用是否安装
-    private boolean isAppInstalled(String packageName) {
-        PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
-        try {
-            packageManager.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
-            return true;
-        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void registerScriptResultReceiver() {
-        // 创建广播接收器
-        scriptResultReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
-            @Override
-            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-                // 获取脚本运行结果（假设结果通过 "result" 键返回）
-                String scriptResult = intent.getStringExtra("result");
-                if (scriptResult != null && !scriptResult.isEmpty()) {
-                    // 处理结果并发送给服务端
-                    sendResultToServer(scriptResult);
-                }
-            }
-        };
-
-        // 注册接收器（假设 Auto.js 广播动作为 "org.autojs.SCRIPT_FINISHED"）
-        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("org.autojs.SCRIPT_FINISHED");
-
-        // 使用 ContextCompat.registerReceiver 注册，并设置为 RECEIVER_EXPORTED
-        ContextCompat.registerReceiver(
-                this, // 当前上下文
-                scriptResultReceiver, // 自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
-                filter, // IntentFilter
-                ContextCompat.RECEIVER_EXPORTED // 设置为非导出广播接收器
-        );
-    }
-
-    private void sendResultToServer(String scriptResult) {
-        // 使用 Retrofit 或 HttpURLConnection 实现服务端 API 调用
-        Toast.makeText(this, "Sending result to server: " + scriptResult, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-
-        // 示例：用 Retrofit 设置服务端请求
-        // 创建 Retrofit 的实例
-        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
-                .baseUrl("https://your-server-url.com/") // 替换为服务端 API 地址
-                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
-                .build();
-
-        // 定义 API 接口
-        CloudPhoneManageService api = retrofit.create(CloudPhoneManageService.class);
-
-        // 构建请求体并发送请求
-        Call<Void> call = api.sendScriptResult(new ScriptResultRequest(scriptResult)); // 假设参数是 com.example.studyapp.request.ScriptResultRequest 对象
-        call.enqueue(new Callback<Void>() {
-            @Override
-            public void onResponse(Call<Void> call, Response<Void> response) {
-                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
-                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Result sent successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-                } else {
-                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Failed to send result: " + response.code(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-                }
-            }
-
-            @Override
-            public void onFailure(Call<Void> call, Throwable t) {
-                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Error sending result: " + t.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
-            }
-        });
-    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/autoJS/AutoJsUtil.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/autoJS/AutoJsUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b93305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/autoJS/AutoJsUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package com.example.studyapp.autoJS;
+
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Environment;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
+
+import com.example.studyapp.MainActivity;
+import com.example.studyapp.request.ScriptResultRequest;
+import com.example.studyapp.service.CloudPhoneManageService;
+
+import java.io.File;
+
+import retrofit2.Call;
+import retrofit2.Callback;
+import retrofit2.Response;
+import retrofit2.Retrofit;
+import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory;
+
+public class AutoJsUtil {
+
+    public static BroadcastReceiver scriptResultReceiver;
+
+    public static void runAutojsScript(Context context) {
+        // 定义脚本文件路径
+        File scriptFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "脚本/chromium.js");
+
+        // 检查文件是否存在
+        if (!scriptFile.exists()) {
+            Toast.makeText(context, "Script file not found: " + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // 检查 Auto.js 应用是否安装
+        if (!isAppInstalled("org.autojs.autojs6",context.getPackageManager())) {
+            Toast.makeText(context, "Auto.js app not installed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // 准备启动 Auto.js 的 Intent
+        Intent intent = new Intent();
+        intent.setClassName("org.autojs.autojs6", "org.autojs.autojs.external.open.RunIntentActivity");
+        intent.putExtra("path", scriptFile.getAbsolutePath()); // 传递脚本路径
+        intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
+
+        // 启动 Auto.js
+        try {
+            // 模拟：通过广播监听脚本运行结果
+            registerScriptResultReceiver(context); // 注册结果回调监听（假设脚本通过广播返回结果）
+            context.startActivity(intent);
+            Toast.makeText(context, "Running script: " + scriptFile.getAbsolutePath(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            Toast.makeText(context, "Failed to run script", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 检查目标应用是否安装
+    public static boolean isAppInstalled(String packageName,PackageManager packageManager) {
+        try {
+            packageManager.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
+            return true;
+        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void registerScriptResultReceiver(Context context) {
+        // 创建广播接收器
+        scriptResultReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                // 获取脚本运行结果（假设结果通过 "result" 键返回）
+                String scriptResult = intent.getStringExtra("result");
+                if (scriptResult != null && !scriptResult.isEmpty()) {
+                    // 处理结果并发送给服务端
+                    sendResultToServer(scriptResult,context);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // 注册接收器（假设 Auto.js 广播动作为 "org.autojs.SCRIPT_FINISHED"）
+        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter("org.autojs.SCRIPT_FINISHED");
+
+        // 使用 ContextCompat.registerReceiver 注册，并设置为 RECEIVER_EXPORTED
+        ContextCompat.registerReceiver(
+                context, // 当前上下文
+                scriptResultReceiver, // 自定义的 BroadcastReceiver
+                filter, // IntentFilter
+                ContextCompat.RECEIVER_EXPORTED // 设置为非导出广播接收器
+        );
+    }
+
+    public static void sendResultToServer(String scriptResult,Context context) {
+        // 使用 Retrofit 或 HttpURLConnection 实现服务端 API 调用
+        Toast.makeText(context, "Sending result to server: " + scriptResult, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+
+        // 示例：用 Retrofit 设置服务端请求
+        // 创建 Retrofit 的实例
+        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
+                .baseUrl("https://your-server-url.com/") // 替换为服务端 API 地址
+                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
+                .build();
+
+        // 定义 API 接口
+        CloudPhoneManageService api = retrofit.create(CloudPhoneManageService.class);
+
+        // 构建请求体并发送请求
+        Call<Void> call = api.sendScriptResult(new ScriptResultRequest(scriptResult)); // 假设参数是 com.example.studyapp.request.ScriptResultRequest 对象
+        call.enqueue(new Callback<Void>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onResponse(Call<Void> call, Response<Void> response) {
+                if (response.isSuccessful()) {
+                    Toast.makeText(context, "Result sent successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+                } else {
+                    Toast.makeText(context, "Failed to send result: " + response.code(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onFailure(Call<Void> call, Throwable t) {
+                    Toast.makeText(context, "Error sending result: " + t.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/ChangeDeviceInfo.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/ChangeDeviceInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d39c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/ChangeDeviceInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+package com.example.studyapp.device;
+
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.view.View;
+import android.widget.Toast;
+
+import com.example.studyapp.R;
+import com.example.studyapp.utils.ReflectionHelper;
+import com.example.studyapp.utils.ShellUtils;
+
+import org.json.JSONObject;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+
+public class ChangeDeviceInfo {
+
+    public void changeDeviceInfo(String current_pkg_name,Context context) {
+        // 指定包名优先级高于全局
+        callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_android_id", "my123456",context);
+        callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen_brightness", "100",context);
+        callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_adb_enabled", "1",context);
+        callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_development_settings_enabled", "1",context);
+
+        callVCloudSettings_put("pm_list_features", "my_pm_list_features",context);
+        callVCloudSettings_put("pm_list_libraries", "my_pm_list_libraries",context);
+        callVCloudSettings_put("system.http.agent", "my_system.http.agent",context);
+        callVCloudSettings_put("webkit.http.agent", "my_webkit.http.agent",context);
+
+        callVCloudSettings_put("global_android_id", "123456",context);
+
+        callVCloudSettings_put("anticheck_pkgs", current_pkg_name,context);
+
+        try {
+
+            JSONObject pkg_info_json = new JSONObject();
+            pkg_info_json.put("versionName", "1.0.0");
+            pkg_info_json.put("versionCode", 100);
+            pkg_info_json.put("firstInstallTime", 1);
+            pkg_info_json.put("lastUpdateTime", 1);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("com.fk.tools_pkgInfo", pkg_info_json.toString(),context);
+
+            JSONObject tmp_json = new JSONObject();
+            tmp_json.put("widthPixels", 1080);
+            tmp_json.put("heightPixels", 1920);
+            tmp_json.put("densityDpi", 440);
+            tmp_json.put("xdpi", 160);
+            tmp_json.put("ydpi", 160);
+            tmp_json.put("density", 3.0);
+            tmp_json.put("scaledDensity", 3.0);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("screen.getDisplayMetrics", tmp_json.toString(),context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("screen.getMetrics", tmp_json.toString(),context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("screen.getRealMetrics", tmp_json.toString(),context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen.getDisplayMetrics.stack", ".getDeviceInfo",context);
+            String stackInfo = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[2].toString();
+            callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen.getMetrics.stack", stackInfo, context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen.getRealMetrics.stack", ".getDeviceInfo",context);
+
+
+            tmp_json = new JSONObject();
+            tmp_json.put("width", 1080);
+            tmp_json.put("height", 1820);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("screen.getRealSize", tmp_json.toString(),context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen.getRealSize.stack", ".getDeviceInfo",context);
+
+
+            tmp_json = new JSONObject();
+            tmp_json.put("left", 0);
+            tmp_json.put("top", 0);
+            tmp_json.put("right", 1080);
+            tmp_json.put("bottom", 1920);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("screen.getCurrentBounds", tmp_json.toString(),context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put("screen.getMaximumBounds", tmp_json.toString(),context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen.getCurrentBounds.stack", ".getDeviceInfo",context);
+            callVCloudSettings_put(current_pkg_name + "_screen.getMaximumBounds.stack", ".getDeviceInfo",context);
+
+
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            Log.e("ChangeDeviceInfo", "Error occurred while changing device info", e);
+            throw new RuntimeException("Error occurred in changeDeviceInfo", e);
+        }
+
+        if (!ShellUtils.hasRootAccess()) {
+            Log.e("ChangeDeviceInfo", "Root access is required to execute system property changes");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // 设置机型, 直接设置属性
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.brand google");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.model raven");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.manufacturer google");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.device raven");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.name raven");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.build.version.incremental 9325679");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.build.fingerprint \"google/raven/raven:13/TQ1A.230105.002/9325679:user/release-keys\"");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.board.platform acr980m");
+
+        Native.setBootId("400079ef55a4475558eb60a0544a43d5");
+
+        // 修改drm id
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.drm.id 400079ef55a4475558eb60a0544a43d5171258f13fdd48c10026e2847a6fc7a5");
+
+        // 电量模拟需要大于1000
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.battery.capacity 5000");
+
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.gl_vendor my_gl_vendor");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.gl_renderer my_gl_renderer");
+        // 这个值不能随便改  必须是 OpenGL ES %d.%d 这个格式
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.gl_version \"OpenGL ES 3.2\"");
+
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.egl_vendor my_egl_vendor");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.egl_version my_egl_version");
+
+    }
+
+    private void callVCloudSettings_put(String key, String value, Context context) {
+        if (context == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Context cannot be null");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("android.provider.VCloudSettings$Global");
+            Method putStringMethod = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("putString", ContentResolver.class, String.class, String.class);
+            putStringMethod.setAccessible(true);
+            putStringMethod.invoke(null, context.getContentResolver(), key, value);
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Class VCloudSettings$Global not found", e);
+        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Method putString not found", e);
+        } catch (IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to invoke putString via reflection", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void resetChangedDeviceInfo(String current_pkg_name,Context context) {
+        try {
+            Native.setBootId("00000000000000000000000000000000");
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.e("resetChangedDeviceInfo", "Failed to set boot ID", e);
+        }
+
+        if (!ShellUtils.hasRootAccess()) {
+            Log.e("resetChangedDeviceInfo", "Root privileges are required.");
+            return;
+        }
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global global_android_id");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global pm_list_features");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global pm_list_libraries");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global anticheck_pkgs");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global " + current_pkg_name + "_android_id");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global " + current_pkg_name + "_adb_enabled");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("cmd settings2 delete global " + current_pkg_name + "_development_settings_enabled");
+
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.drm.id \"\"");
+
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.gl_vendor \"\"");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.gl_renderer \"\"");
+        // 这个值不能随便改  必须是 OpenGL ES %d.%d 这个格式
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.gl_version \"\"");
+
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.egl_vendor \"\"");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop persist.sys.cloud.gpu.egl_version \"\"");
+
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.brand Vortex");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.model HD65_Select");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.manufacturer Vortex");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.device HD65_Select");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.product.name HD65_Select");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.build.version.incremental 20240306");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.build.fingerprint \"Vortex/HD65_Select/HD65_Select:13/TP1A.220624.014/20240306:user/release-keys\"");
+        ShellUtils.execRootCmd("setprop ro.board.platform sm8150p");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/Native.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/Native.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d4f296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/device/Native.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package com.example.studyapp.device;
+
+public class Native {
+    static {
+        try {
+            System.loadLibrary("native");
+        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
+            e.printStackTrace();
+            // 添加日志或通知以便诊断问题
+        }
+    }
+
+    public native static long[] getSysInfo();
+
+    public native static void getPower();
+
+    public native static void enableBypassAntiDebug(int uid);
+
+    public native static void setBootId(String bootIdHexStr);
+
+    public native static void deviceInfoShow();
+    public native static void deviceInfoChange();
+
+    public native static void deviceInfoReset();
+
+    public native static boolean cpuInfoChange(String path);
+    public native static boolean changeMemSize(String path);
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/proxy/CustomVpnService.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/proxy/CustomVpnService.java
index babb1c7..b106b17 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/proxy/CustomVpnService.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/proxy/CustomVpnService.java
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package com.example.studyapp.proxy;
 
+import static com.example.studyapp.utils.V2rayUtil.isV2rayRunning;
+
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.net.VpnService;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.util.Log;
 
@@ -26,10 +29,12 @@ public class CustomVpnService extends VpnService {
     private static final String TUN_ADDRESS = ConfigLoader.getTunnelAddress(); // TUN 的 IP 地址
     private static final int PREFIX_LENGTH = 28;           // 子网掩码
 
+    private Thread vpnTrafficThread; // 保存线程引用
     private ParcelFileDescriptor vpnInterface;            // TUN 接口描述符
 
     @Override
     public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
+        isVpnActive = true; // 服务启动时激活
         try {
             // 检查 V2ray 是否已启动，避免重复进程
             if (!isV2rayRunning()) {
@@ -46,34 +51,6 @@ public class CustomVpnService extends VpnService {
         return START_STICKY;
     }
 
-    private boolean isV2rayRunning() {
-        try {
-            // 执行系统命令，获取当前所有正在运行的进程
-            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("ps");
-
-            // 读取进程的输出
-            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
-                String line;
-                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-                    // 检查是否有包含 "v2ray" 的进程
-                    if (line.contains("v2ray")) {
-                        Log.i("CustomVpnService", "V2Ray process found: " + line);
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            // 检查完成，没有找到 "v2ray" 相关的进程
-            Log.i("CustomVpnService", "No V2Ray process is running.");
-            return false;
-
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            // 捕获异常并记录日志
-            Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error checking V2Ray process: " + e.getMessage(), e);
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
     private void startVpn() {
         try {
             // 配置虚拟网卡
@@ -161,77 +138,102 @@ public class CustomVpnService extends VpnService {
         return dnsServers;
     }
 
+    private static CustomVpnService instance;
+
+    @Override
+    public void onCreate() {
+        super.onCreate();
+        instance = this; // 在创建时将实例存储到静态字段
+    }
+
+    public static CustomVpnService getInstance() {
+        return instance;
+    }
+
 
     @Override
     public void onDestroy() {
+        isVpnActive = false; // 服务销毁时停用
         super.onDestroy();
+
+        // 停止处理数据包的线程
+        if (vpnTrafficThread != null && vpnTrafficThread.isAlive()) {
+            vpnTrafficThread.interrupt(); // 中断线程
+            try {
+                vpnTrafficThread.join(); // 等待线程停止
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error while stopping vpnTrafficThread", e);
+                Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // 重新设置当前线程的中断状态
+            }
+            vpnTrafficThread = null; // 清空线程引用
+        }
+
+        // 关闭 VPN 接口
         if (vpnInterface != null) {
             try {
                 vpnInterface.close();
-                vpnInterface = null;
-                Log.d("CustomVpnService", "VPN interface closed.");
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error closing VPN interface", e);
+                Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error closing VPN interface: " + e.getMessage(), e);
             }
+            vpnInterface = null; // 避免资源泄露
         }
+
+        // 停止 V2Ray 服务
+        V2rayUtil.stopV2Ray();
+        Log.i("CustomVpnService", "VPN 服务已销毁");
     }
 
+    private volatile boolean isVpnActive = false; // 标志位控制数据包处理逻辑
+
 
     private void handleVpnTraffic(ParcelFileDescriptor vpnInterface) {
-        if (vpnInterface == null || !vpnInterface.getFileDescriptor().valid()) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ParcelFileDescriptor is invalid!");
-        }
+        // 启动处理流量的线程
+        vpnTrafficThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            if (vpnInterface == null || !vpnInterface.getFileDescriptor().valid()) {
+                Log.e("CustomVpnService", "ParcelFileDescriptor is invalid!");
+                return;
+            }
 
-        byte[] packetData = new byte[32767];
-        final int maxRetry = 5; // 定义最大重试次数
-        int retryCount = 0;
+            byte[] packetData = new byte[32767]; // 数据包缓冲区
 
-        FileInputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(vpnInterface.getFileDescriptor());
-        FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(vpnInterface.getFileDescriptor());
-        // 将流放在 try-with-resources 之外，避免循环中被关闭
+            try (FileInputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(vpnInterface.getFileDescriptor());
+                 FileOutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(vpnInterface.getFileDescriptor())) {
 
-        // 循环处理 VPN 数据包
-        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) {
-            try {
-                int length = inStream.read(packetData);
-                if (length == -1) {
-                    // 读取结束
-                    break;
-                }
+                while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()&&isVpnActive) { // 检查线程是否已中断
+                    int length;
+                    try {
+                        length = inStream.read(packetData);
+                        if (length == -1) break; // 读取完成退出
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error reading packet", e);
+                        break; // 读取出错退出循环
+                    }
 
-                if (length > 0) {
-                    boolean handled = processPacket(packetData, length);
-                    if (!handled) {
-                        outStream.write(packetData, 0, length);
+                    if (length > 0) {
+                        boolean handled = processPacket(packetData, length);
+                        if (!handled) {
+                            outStream.write(packetData, 0, length); // 未处理的包写回
+                        }
                     }
                 }
-                retryCount = 0; // 成功一次后重置重试次数
             } catch (IOException e) {
-                retryCount++;
-                Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error reading packet. Retry attempt " + retryCount, e);
-                if (retryCount >= maxRetry) {
-                    Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Max retry reached. Exiting loop.");
-                    break;
-                }
-                // 可添加短暂延迟来避免频繁重试
+                Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error handling VPN traffic", e);
+            } finally {
                 try {
-                    Thread.sleep(100);
-                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-                    Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
-                    Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Thread interrupted during sleep", ie);
+                    vpnInterface.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Failed to close vpnInterface", e);
                 }
             }
-        }
-
-        // 最终关闭 ParcelFileDescriptor
-        try {
-            vpnInterface.close();
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Failed to close vpnInterface", e);
-        }
+        });
+        vpnTrafficThread.start();
     }
 
     private boolean processPacket(byte[] packetData, int length) {
+        if (!isVpnActive) {
+            Log.w("CustomVpnService", "VPN is not active. Skipping packet processing.");
+            return false;
+        }
         if (packetData == null || length <= 0 || length > packetData.length) {
             Log.w("CustomVpnService", "Invalid packetData or length");
             return false;
@@ -283,4 +285,5 @@ public class CustomVpnService extends VpnService {
 
         // 检查是否是 UDP 的 DNS 端口 (53)
         return sourcePort == 53 || destPort == 53;
-    }}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ClassUtils.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ClassUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4df67a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ClassUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.example.studyapp.utils;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+
+/**
+ * <p>Operates on classes without using reflection.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>This class handles invalid {@code null} inputs as best it can.
+ * Each method documents its behaviour in more detail.</p>
+ *
+ * <p>The notion of a {@code canonical name} includes the human
+ * readable name for the type, for example {@code int[]}. The
+ * non-canonical method variants work with the JVM names, such as
+ * {@code [I}. </p>
+ *
+ * @since 2.0
+ * @version $Id: ClassUtils.java 1199894 2011-11-09 17:53:59Z ggregory $
+ */
+public class ClassUtils {
+
+    /**
+     * <p>The package separator character: <code>'&#x2e;' == {@value}</code>.</p>
+     */
+    public static final char PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR = '.';
+
+    /**
+     * <p>The package separator String: {@code "&#x2e;"}.</p>
+     */
+    public static final String PACKAGE_SEPARATOR = String.valueOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
+
+    /**
+     * <p>The inner class separator character: <code>'$' == {@value}</code>.</p>
+     */
+    public static final char INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR = '$';
+
+    /**
+     * <p>The inner class separator String: {@code "$"}.</p>
+     */
+    public static final String INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR = String.valueOf(INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
+
+    /**
+     * Maps primitive {@code Class}es to their corresponding wrapper {@code Class}.
+     */
+    private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> primitiveWrapperMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
+    static {
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Boolean.TYPE, Boolean.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Byte.TYPE, Byte.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Character.TYPE, Character.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Short.TYPE, Short.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Integer.TYPE, Integer.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Long.TYPE, Long.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Double.TYPE, Double.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Float.TYPE, Float.class);
+         primitiveWrapperMap.put(Void.TYPE, Void.TYPE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maps wrapper {@code Class}es to their corresponding primitive types.
+     */
+    private static final Map<Class<?>, Class<?>> wrapperPrimitiveMap = new HashMap<Class<?>, Class<?>>();
+    static {
+        for (Class<?> primitiveClass : primitiveWrapperMap.keySet()) {
+            Class<?> wrapperClass = primitiveWrapperMap.get(primitiveClass);
+            if (!primitiveClass.equals(wrapperClass)) {
+                wrapperPrimitiveMap.put(wrapperClass, primitiveClass);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Maps a primitive class name to its corresponding abbreviation used in array class names.
+     */
+    private static final Map<String, String> abbreviationMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+    /**
+     * Maps an abbreviation used in array class names to corresponding primitive class name.
+     */
+    private static final Map<String, String> reverseAbbreviationMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+
+    /**
+     * Add primitive type abbreviation to maps of abbreviations.
+     *
+     * @param primitive Canonical name of primitive type
+     * @param abbreviation Corresponding abbreviation of primitive type
+     */
+    private static void addAbbreviation(String primitive, String abbreviation) {
+        abbreviationMap.put(primitive, abbreviation);
+        reverseAbbreviationMap.put(abbreviation, primitive);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Feed abbreviation maps
+     */
+    static {
+        addAbbreviation("int", "I");
+        addAbbreviation("boolean", "Z");
+        addAbbreviation("float", "F");
+        addAbbreviation("long", "J");
+        addAbbreviation("short", "S");
+        addAbbreviation("byte", "B");
+        addAbbreviation("double", "D");
+        addAbbreviation("char", "C");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>ClassUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming.
+     * Instead, the class should be used as
+     * {@code ClassUtils.getShortClassName(cls)}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean
+     * instance to operate.</p>
+     */
+    public ClassUtils() {
+      super();
+    }
+
+    // Short class name
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the class name minus the package name for an {@code Object}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param object  the class to get the short name for, may be null
+     * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
+     * @return the class name of the object without the package name, or the null value
+     */
+    public static String getShortClassName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return valueIfNull;
+        }
+        return getShortClassName(object.getClass());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the class name minus the package name from a {@code Class}.</p>
+     * 
+     * <p>Consider using the Java 5 API {@link Class#getSimpleName()} instead.
+     * The one known difference is that this code will return {@code "Map.Entry"} while 
+     * the {@code java.lang.Class} variant will simply return {@code "Entry"}. </p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to get the short name for.
+     * @return the class name without the package name or an empty string
+     */
+    public static String getShortClassName(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return getShortClassName(cls.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the class name minus the package name from a String.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The string passed in is assumed to be a class name - it is not checked.</p>
+
+     * <p>Note that this method differs from Class.getSimpleName() in that this will 
+     * return {@code "Map.Entry"} whilst the {@code java.lang.Class} variant will simply 
+     * return {@code "Entry"}. </p>
+     *
+     * @param className  the className to get the short name for
+     * @return the class name of the class without the package name or an empty string
+     */
+    public static String getShortClassName(String className) {
+        if (className == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        if (className.length() == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder arrayPrefix = new StringBuilder();
+
+        // Handle array encoding
+        if (className.startsWith("[")) {
+            while (className.charAt(0) == '[') {
+                className = className.substring(1);
+                arrayPrefix.append("[]");
+            }
+            // Strip Object type encoding
+            if (className.charAt(0) == 'L' && className.charAt(className.length() - 1) == ';') {
+                className = className.substring(1, className.length() - 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (reverseAbbreviationMap.containsKey(className)) {
+            className = reverseAbbreviationMap.get(className);
+        }
+
+        int lastDotIdx = className.lastIndexOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
+        int innerIdx = className.indexOf(
+                INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR, lastDotIdx == -1 ? 0 : lastDotIdx + 1);
+        String out = className.substring(lastDotIdx + 1);
+        if (innerIdx != -1) {
+            out = out.replace(INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR, PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
+        }
+        return out + arrayPrefix;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null-safe version of <code>aClass.getSimpleName()</code></p>
+     *
+     * @param cls the class for which to get the simple name.
+     * @return the simple class name.
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @see Class#getSimpleName()
+     */
+    public static String getSimpleName(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return cls.getSimpleName();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Null-safe version of <code>aClass.getSimpleName()</code></p>
+     *
+     * @param object the object for which to get the simple class name.
+     * @param valueIfNull the value to return if <code>object</code> is <code>null</code>
+     * @return the simple class name.
+     * @since 3.0
+     * @see Class#getSimpleName()
+     */
+    public static String getSimpleName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return valueIfNull;
+        }
+        return getSimpleName(object.getClass());
+    }
+
+    // Package name
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the package name of an {@code Object}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param object  the class to get the package name for, may be null
+     * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
+     * @return the package name of the object, or the null value
+     */
+    public static String getPackageName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return valueIfNull;
+        }
+        return getPackageName(object.getClass());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the package name of a {@code Class}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to get the package name for, may be {@code null}.
+     * @return the package name or an empty string
+     */
+    public static String getPackageName(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return getPackageName(cls.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the package name from a {@code String}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The string passed in is assumed to be a class name - it is not checked.</p>
+     * <p>If the class is unpackaged, return an empty string.</p>
+     *
+     * @param className  the className to get the package name for, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the package name or an empty string
+     */
+    public static String getPackageName(String className) {
+        if (className == null || className.length() == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        // Strip array encoding
+        while (className.charAt(0) == '[') {
+            className = className.substring(1);
+        }
+        // Strip Object type encoding
+        if (className.charAt(0) == 'L' && className.charAt(className.length() - 1) == ';') {
+            className = className.substring(1);
+        }
+
+        int i = className.lastIndexOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
+        if (i == -1) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return className.substring(0, i);
+    }
+
+    // Superclasses/Superinterfaces
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets a {@code List} of superclasses for the given class.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the {@code List} of superclasses in order going up from this one
+     *  {@code null} if null input
+     */
+    public static List<Class<?>> getAllSuperclasses(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>();
+        Class<?> superclass = cls.getSuperclass();
+        while (superclass != null) {
+            classes.add(superclass);
+            superclass = superclass.getSuperclass();
+        }
+        return classes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets a {@code List} of all interfaces implemented by the given
+     * class and its superclasses.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The order is determined by looking through each interface in turn as
+     * declared in the source file and following its hierarchy up. Then each
+     * superclass is considered in the same way. Later duplicates are ignored,
+     * so the order is maintained.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the {@code List} of interfaces in order,
+     *  {@code null} if null input
+     */
+    public static List<Class<?>> getAllInterfaces(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        LinkedHashSet<Class<?>> interfacesFound = new LinkedHashSet<Class<?>>();
+        getAllInterfaces(cls, interfacesFound);
+
+        return new ArrayList<Class<?>>(interfacesFound);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the interfaces for the specified class.
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to look up, may be {@code null}
+     * @param interfacesFound the {@code Set} of interfaces for the class
+     */
+    private static void getAllInterfaces(Class<?> cls, HashSet<Class<?>> interfacesFound) {
+        while (cls != null) {
+            Class<?>[] interfaces = cls.getInterfaces();
+
+            for (Class<?> i : interfaces) {
+                if (interfacesFound.add(i)) {
+                    getAllInterfaces(i, interfacesFound);
+                }
+            }
+
+            cls = cls.getSuperclass();
+         }
+     }
+
+    // Convert list
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Given a {@code List} of class names, this method converts them into classes.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>A new {@code List} is returned. If the class name cannot be found, {@code null}
+     * is stored in the {@code List}. If the class name in the {@code List} is
+     * {@code null}, {@code null} is stored in the output {@code List}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param classNames  the classNames to change
+     * @return a {@code List} of Class objects corresponding to the class names,
+     *  {@code null} if null input
+     * @throws ClassCastException if classNames contains a non String entry
+     */
+    public static List<Class<?>> convertClassNamesToClasses(List<String> classNames) {
+        if (classNames == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<Class<?>> classes = new ArrayList<Class<?>>(classNames.size());
+        for (String className : classNames) {
+            try {
+                classes.add(Class.forName(className));
+            } catch (Exception ex) {
+                classes.add(null);
+            }
+        }
+        return classes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Given a {@code List} of {@code Class} objects, this method converts
+     * them into class names.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>A new {@code List} is returned. {@code null} objects will be copied into
+     * the returned list as {@code null}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param classes  the classes to change
+     * @return a {@code List} of class names corresponding to the Class objects,
+     *  {@code null} if null input
+     * @throws ClassCastException if {@code classes} contains a non-{@code Class} entry
+     */
+    public static List<String> convertClassesToClassNames(List<Class<?>> classes) {
+        if (classes == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        List<String> classNames = new ArrayList<String>(classes.size());
+        for (Class<?> cls : classes) {
+            if (cls == null) {
+                classNames.add(null);
+            } else {
+                classNames.add(cls.getName());
+            }
+        }
+        return classNames;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Checks if an array of Classes can be assigned to another array of Classes.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method calls  for each
+     * Class pair in the input arrays. It can be used to check if a set of arguments
+     * (the first parameter) are suitably compatible with a set of method parameter types
+     * (the second parameter).</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Unlike the {@link Class#isAssignableFrom(Class)} method, this
+     * method takes into account widenings of primitive classes and
+     * {@code null}s.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a {@code long},
+     * {@code float} or {@code double}. This method returns the correct
+     * result for these cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>{@code Null} may be assigned to any reference type. This method will
+     * return {@code true} if {@code null} is passed in and the toClass is
+     * non-primitive.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
+     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
+     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
+     * widening primitive or widening reference conversion. See
+     * <em><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/">The Java Language Specification</a></em>,
+     * sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 for details.</p>
+     *
+     * @param classArray  the array of Classes to check, may be {@code null}
+     * @param toClassArray  the array of Classes to try to assign into, may be {@code null}
+     * @param autoboxing  whether to use implicit autoboxing/unboxing between primitives and wrappers
+     * @return {@code true} if assignment possible
+     */
+    public static boolean isAssignable(Class<?>[] classArray, Class<?>[] toClassArray, boolean autoboxing) {
+        if ((classArray == null ? 0 : classArray.length) != (toClassArray == null ? 0 : toClassArray.length)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (classArray == null) {
+            classArray = new Class<?>[0];
+        }
+        if (toClassArray == null) {
+            toClassArray = new Class<?>[0];
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < classArray.length; i++) {
+            if (!isAssignable(classArray[i], toClassArray[i], autoboxing)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the given {@code type} is a primitive or primitive wrapper ({@link Boolean}, {@link Byte}, {@link Character},
+     * {@link Short}, {@link Integer}, {@link Long}, {@link Double}, {@link Float}).
+     * 
+     * @param type
+     *            The class to query or null.
+     * @return true if the given {@code type} is a primitive or primitive wrapper ({@link Boolean}, {@link Byte}, {@link Character},
+     *         {@link Short}, {@link Integer}, {@link Long}, {@link Double}, {@link Float}).
+     * @since 3.1
+     */
+    public static boolean isPrimitiveOrWrapper(Class<?> type) {
+        if (type == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return type.isPrimitive() || isPrimitiveWrapper(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the given {@code type} is a primitive wrapper ({@link Boolean}, {@link Byte}, {@link Character}, {@link Short},
+     * {@link Integer}, {@link Long}, {@link Double}, {@link Float}).
+     * 
+     * @param type
+     *            The class to query or null.
+     * @return true if the given {@code type} is a primitive wrapper ({@link Boolean}, {@link Byte}, {@link Character}, {@link Short},
+     *         {@link Integer}, {@link Long}, {@link Double}, {@link Float}).
+     * @since 3.1
+     */
+    public static boolean isPrimitiveWrapper(Class<?> type) {
+        return wrapperPrimitiveMap.containsKey(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Checks if one {@code Class} can be assigned to a variable of
+     * another {@code Class}.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Unlike the {@link Class#isAssignableFrom(Class)} method,
+     * this method takes into account widenings of primitive classes and
+     * {@code null}s.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Primitive widenings allow an int to be assigned to a long, float or
+     * double. This method returns the correct result for these cases.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>{@code Null} may be assigned to any reference type. This method
+     * will return {@code true} if {@code null} is passed in and the
+     * toClass is non-primitive.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
+     * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
+     * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
+     * widening primitive or widening reference conversion. See
+     * <em><a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/">The Java Language Specification</a></em>,
+     * sections 5.1.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.4 for details.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the Class to check, may be null
+     * @param toClass  the Class to try to assign into, returns false if null
+     * @param autoboxing  whether to use implicit autoboxing/unboxing between primitives and wrappers
+     * @return {@code true} if assignment possible
+     */
+    public static boolean isAssignable(Class<?> cls, Class<?> toClass, boolean autoboxing) {
+        if (toClass == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // have to check for null, as isAssignableFrom doesn't
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return !toClass.isPrimitive();
+        }
+        //autoboxing:
+        if (autoboxing) {
+            if (cls.isPrimitive() && !toClass.isPrimitive()) {
+                cls = primitiveToWrapper(cls);
+                if (cls == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            if (toClass.isPrimitive() && !cls.isPrimitive()) {
+                cls = wrapperToPrimitive(cls);
+                if (cls == null) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (cls.equals(toClass)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (cls.isPrimitive()) {
+            if (toClass.isPrimitive() == false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (Integer.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return Long.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Float.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Double.TYPE.equals(toClass);
+            }
+            if (Long.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return Float.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Double.TYPE.equals(toClass);
+            }
+            if (Boolean.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (Double.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (Float.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return Double.TYPE.equals(toClass);
+            }
+            if (Character.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return Integer.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Long.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Float.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Double.TYPE.equals(toClass);
+            }
+            if (Short.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return Integer.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Long.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Float.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Double.TYPE.equals(toClass);
+            }
+            if (Byte.TYPE.equals(cls)) {
+                return Short.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Integer.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Long.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Float.TYPE.equals(toClass)
+                    || Double.TYPE.equals(toClass);
+            }
+            // should never get here
+            return false;
+        }
+        return toClass.isAssignableFrom(cls);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Converts the specified primitive Class object to its corresponding
+     * wrapper Class object.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>NOTE: From v2.2, this method handles {@code Void.TYPE},
+     * returning {@code Void.TYPE}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to convert, may be null
+     * @return the wrapper class for {@code cls} or {@code cls} if
+     * {@code cls} is not a primitive. {@code null} if null input.
+     * @since 2.1
+     */
+    public static Class<?> primitiveToWrapper(Class<?> cls) {
+        Class<?> convertedClass = cls;
+        if (cls != null && cls.isPrimitive()) {
+            convertedClass = primitiveWrapperMap.get(cls);
+        }
+        return convertedClass;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Converts the specified array of primitive Class objects to an array of
+     * its corresponding wrapper Class objects.</p>
+     *
+     * @param classes  the class array to convert, may be null or empty
+     * @return an array which contains for each given class, the wrapper class or
+     * the original class if class is not a primitive. {@code null} if null input.
+     * Empty array if an empty array passed in.
+     * @since 2.1
+     */
+    public static Class<?>[] primitivesToWrappers(Class<?>... classes) {
+        if (classes == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (classes.length == 0) {
+            return classes;
+        }
+
+        Class<?>[] convertedClasses = new Class[classes.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {
+            convertedClasses[i] = primitiveToWrapper(classes[i]);
+        }
+        return convertedClasses;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Converts the specified wrapper class to its corresponding primitive
+     * class.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method is the counter part of {@code primitiveToWrapper()}.
+     * If the passed in class is a wrapper class for a primitive type, this
+     * primitive type will be returned (e.g. {@code Integer.TYPE} for
+     * {@code Integer.class}). For other classes, or if the parameter is
+     * <b>null</b>, the return value is <b>null</b>.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls the class to convert, may be <b>null</b>
+     * @return the corresponding primitive type if {@code cls} is a
+     * wrapper class, <b>null</b> otherwise
+     * @see #primitiveToWrapper(Class)
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static Class<?> wrapperToPrimitive(Class<?> cls) {
+        return wrapperPrimitiveMap.get(cls);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Converts the specified array of wrapper Class objects to an array of
+     * its corresponding primitive Class objects.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method invokes {@code wrapperToPrimitive()} for each element
+     * of the passed in array.</p>
+     *
+     * @param classes  the class array to convert, may be null or empty
+     * @return an array which contains for each given class, the primitive class or
+     * <b>null</b> if the original class is not a wrapper class. {@code null} if null input.
+     * Empty array if an empty array passed in.
+     * @see #wrapperToPrimitive(Class)
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static Class<?>[] wrappersToPrimitives(Class<?>... classes) {
+        if (classes == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (classes.length == 0) {
+            return classes;
+        }
+
+        Class<?>[] convertedClasses = new Class[classes.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < classes.length; i++) {
+            convertedClasses[i] = wrapperToPrimitive(classes[i]);
+        }
+        return convertedClasses;
+    }
+
+    // Inner class
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Is the specified class an inner class or static nested class.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to check, may be null
+     * @return {@code true} if the class is an inner or static nested class,
+     *  false if not or {@code null}
+     */
+    public static boolean isInnerClass(Class<?> cls) {
+        return cls != null && cls.getEnclosingClass() != null;
+    }
+
+    // Class loading
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Returns the class represented by {@code className} using the
+     * {@code classLoader}.  This implementation supports the syntaxes
+     * "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}", "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}", and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
+     *
+     * @param classLoader  the class loader to use to load the class
+     * @param className  the class name
+     * @param initialize  whether the class must be initialized
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the {@code classLoader}
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
+     */
+    public static Class<?> getClass(
+            ClassLoader classLoader, String className, boolean initialize) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        try {
+            Class<?> clazz;
+            if (abbreviationMap.containsKey(className)) {
+                String clsName = "[" + abbreviationMap.get(className);
+                clazz = Class.forName(clsName, initialize, classLoader).getComponentType();
+            } else {
+                clazz = Class.forName(toCanonicalName(className), initialize, classLoader);
+            }
+            return clazz;
+        } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
+            // allow path separators (.) as inner class name separators
+            int lastDotIndex = className.lastIndexOf(PACKAGE_SEPARATOR_CHAR);
+
+            if (lastDotIndex != -1) {
+                try {
+                    return getClass(classLoader, className.substring(0, lastDotIndex) +
+                            INNER_CLASS_SEPARATOR_CHAR + className.substring(lastDotIndex + 1),
+                            initialize);
+                } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex2) { // NOPMD
+                    // ignore exception
+                }
+            }
+
+            throw ex;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the (initialized) class represented by {@code className}
+     * using the {@code classLoader}.  This implementation supports
+     * the syntaxes "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}", "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}",
+     * and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
+     *
+     * @param classLoader  the class loader to use to load the class
+     * @param className  the class name
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the {@code classLoader}
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
+     */
+    public static Class<?> getClass(ClassLoader classLoader, String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        return getClass(classLoader, className, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the (initialized) class represented by {@code className}
+     * using the current thread's context class loader. This implementation
+     * supports the syntaxes "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}", "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}",
+     * and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
+     *
+     * @param className  the class name
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the current thread's context class loader
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
+     */
+    public static Class<?> getClass(String className) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        return getClass(className, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the class represented by {@code className} using the
+     * current thread's context class loader. This implementation supports the
+     * syntaxes "{@code java.util.Map.Entry[]}", "{@code java.util.Map$Entry[]}",
+     * "{@code [Ljava.util.Map.Entry;}", and "{@code [Ljava.util.Map$Entry;}".
+     *
+     * @param className  the class name
+     * @param initialize  whether the class must be initialized
+     * @return the class represented by {@code className} using the current thread's context class loader
+     * @throws ClassNotFoundException if the class is not found
+     */
+    public static Class<?> getClass(String className, boolean initialize) throws ClassNotFoundException {
+        ClassLoader contextCL = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+        ClassLoader loader = contextCL == null ? ClassUtils.class.getClassLoader() : contextCL;
+        return getClass(loader, className, initialize);
+    }
+
+
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * Converts a class name to a JLS style class name.
+     *
+     * @param className  the class name
+     * @return the converted name
+     */
+    private static String toCanonicalName(String className) {
+        className = className == null ? null : className.replaceAll("\\s+", "");
+        if (className == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("className must not be null.");
+        } else if (className.endsWith("[]")) {
+            StringBuilder classNameBuffer = new StringBuilder();
+            while (className.endsWith("[]")) {
+                className = className.substring(0, className.length() - 2);
+                classNameBuffer.append("[");
+            }
+            String abbreviation = abbreviationMap.get(className);
+            if (abbreviation != null) {
+                classNameBuffer.append(abbreviation);
+            } else {
+                classNameBuffer.append("L").append(className).append(";");
+            }
+            className = classNameBuffer.toString();
+        }
+        return className;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Converts an array of {@code Object} in to an array of {@code Class} objects.
+     * If any of these objects is null, a null element will be inserted into the array.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>This method returns {@code null} for a {@code null} input array.</p>
+     *
+     * @param array an {@code Object} array
+     * @return a {@code Class} array, {@code null} if null array input
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static Class<?>[] toClass(Object... array) {
+        if (array == null) {
+            return null;
+        } else if (array.length == 0) {
+            return new Class<?>[0];
+        }
+        Class<?>[] classes = new Class[array.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
+            classes[i] = array[i] == null ? null : array[i].getClass();
+        }
+        return classes;
+    }
+
+    // Short canonical name
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the canonical name minus the package name for an {@code Object}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param object  the class to get the short name for, may be null
+     * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
+     * @return the canonical name of the object without the package name, or the null value
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static String getShortCanonicalName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return valueIfNull;
+        }
+        return getShortCanonicalName(object.getClass().getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the canonical name minus the package name from a {@code Class}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to get the short name for.
+     * @return the canonical name without the package name or an empty string
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static String getShortCanonicalName(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return getShortCanonicalName(cls.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the canonical name minus the package name from a String.</p>
+     *
+     * <p>The string passed in is assumed to be a canonical name - it is not checked.</p>
+     *
+     * @param canonicalName  the class name to get the short name for
+     * @return the canonical name of the class without the package name or an empty string
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static String getShortCanonicalName(String canonicalName) {
+        return ClassUtils.getShortClassName(getCanonicalName(canonicalName));
+    }
+
+    // Package name
+    // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the package name from the canonical name of an {@code Object}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param object  the class to get the package name for, may be null
+     * @param valueIfNull  the value to return if null
+     * @return the package name of the object, or the null value
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static String getPackageCanonicalName(Object object, String valueIfNull) {
+        if (object == null) {
+            return valueIfNull;
+        }
+        return getPackageCanonicalName(object.getClass().getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the package name from the canonical name of a {@code Class}.</p>
+     *
+     * @param cls  the class to get the package name for, may be {@code null}.
+     * @return the package name or an empty string
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static String getPackageCanonicalName(Class<?> cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        return getPackageCanonicalName(cls.getName());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Gets the package name from the canonical name. </p>
+     *
+     * <p>The string passed in is assumed to be a canonical name - it is not checked.</p>
+     * <p>If the class is unpackaged, return an empty string.</p>
+     *
+     * @param canonicalName  the canonical name to get the package name for, may be {@code null}
+     * @return the package name or an empty string
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    public static String getPackageCanonicalName(String canonicalName) {
+        return ClassUtils.getPackageName(getCanonicalName(canonicalName));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * <p>Converts a given name of class into canonical format.
+     * If name of class is not a name of array class it returns
+     * unchanged name.</p>
+     * <p>Example:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>{@code getCanonicalName("[I") = "int[]"}</li>
+     * <li>{@code getCanonicalName("[Ljava.lang.String;") = "java.lang.String[]"}</li>
+     * <li>{@code getCanonicalName("java.lang.String") = "java.lang.String"}</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * @param className the name of class
+     * @return canonical form of class name
+     * @since 2.4
+     */
+    private static String getCanonicalName(String className) {
+        className = className.replaceAll("\\s", "");
+        if (className == null) {
+            return null;
+        } else {
+            int dim = 0;
+            while (className.startsWith("[")) {
+                dim++;
+                className = className.substring(1);
+            }
+            if (dim < 1) {
+                return className;
+            } else {
+                if (className.startsWith("L")) {
+                    className = className.substring(
+                        1,
+                        className.endsWith(";")
+                            ? className.length() - 1
+                            : className.length());
+                } else {
+                    if (className.length() > 0) {
+                        className = reverseAbbreviationMap.get(className.substring(0, 1));
+                    }
+                }
+                StringBuilder canonicalClassNameBuffer = new StringBuilder(className);
+                for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                    canonicalClassNameBuffer.append("[]");
+                }
+                return canonicalClassNameBuffer.toString();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static Set<String> getClassConstantStrings(Class clz) {
+        HashSet<String> strs = new HashSet<>();
+        Field fields[] = clz.getDeclaredFields();
+        for (Field field : fields) {
+            // String类型
+            if (field.getType() != String.class) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // 字段修饰符必须是public final staic
+            if ((field.getModifiers() & (Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.PUBLIC)) != (Modifier.STATIC | Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.PUBLIC)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            field.setAccessible(true);
+            try {
+                strs.add((String) field.get(null));
+            } catch (IllegalAccessException | IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            }
+        }
+        return strs;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/MemberUtils.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/MemberUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cffcf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/MemberUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.example.studyapp.utils;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.AccessibleObject;
+import java.lang.reflect.Member;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+
+/**
+ * Contains common code for working with Methods/Constructors, extracted and
+ * refactored from <code>MethodUtils</code> when it was imported from Commons
+ * BeanUtils.
+ * 
+ * @since 2.5
+ * @version $Id: MemberUtils.java 1143537 2011-07-06 19:30:22Z joehni $
+ */
+public abstract class MemberUtils {
+	// TODO extract an interface to implement compareParameterSets(...)?
+
+	private static final int ACCESS_TEST = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PROTECTED | Modifier.PRIVATE;
+
+	/** Array of primitive number types ordered by "promotability" */
+	private static final Class<?>[] ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES = { Byte.TYPE, Short.TYPE, Character.TYPE, Integer.TYPE, Long.TYPE, Float.TYPE, Double.TYPE };
+
+	/**
+	 * XXX Default access superclass workaround
+	 * 
+	 * When a public class has a default access superclass with public members,
+	 * these members are accessible. Calling them from compiled code works fine.
+	 * Unfortunately, on some JVMs, using reflection to invoke these members
+	 * seems to (wrongly) prevent access even when the modifier is public.
+	 * Calling setAccessible(true) solves the problem but will only work from
+	 * sufficiently privileged code. Better workarounds would be gratefully
+	 * accepted.
+	 * 
+	 * @param o
+	 *            the AccessibleObject to set as accessible
+	 */
+	static void setAccessibleWorkaround(AccessibleObject o) {
+		if (o == null || o.isAccessible()) {
+			return;
+		}
+		Member m = (Member) o;
+		if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers()) && isPackageAccess(m.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers())) {
+			try {
+				o.setAccessible(true);
+			} catch (SecurityException e) { // NOPMD
+				// ignore in favor of subsequent IllegalAccessException
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether a given set of modifiers implies package access.
+	 * 
+	 * @param modifiers
+	 *            to test
+	 * @return true unless package/protected/private modifier detected
+	 */
+	static boolean isPackageAccess(int modifiers) {
+		return (modifiers & ACCESS_TEST) == 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns whether a Member is accessible.
+	 * 
+	 * @param m
+	 *            Member to check
+	 * @return true if <code>m</code> is accessible
+	 */
+	static boolean isAccessible(Member m) {
+		return m != null && Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers()) && !m.isSynthetic();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Compares the relative fitness of two sets of parameter types in terms of
+	 * matching a third set of runtime parameter types, such that a list ordered
+	 * by the results of the comparison would return the best match first
+	 * (least).
+	 * 
+	 * @param left
+	 *            the "left" parameter set
+	 * @param right
+	 *            the "right" parameter set
+	 * @param actual
+	 *            the runtime parameter types to match against <code>left</code>
+	 *            /<code>right</code>
+	 * @return int consistent with <code>compare</code> semantics
+	 */
+	public static int compareParameterTypes(Class<?>[] left, Class<?>[] right, Class<?>[] actual) {
+		float leftCost = getTotalTransformationCost(actual, left);
+		float rightCost = getTotalTransformationCost(actual, right);
+		return leftCost < rightCost ? -1 : rightCost < leftCost ? 1 : 0;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the sum of the object transformation cost for each class in the
+	 * source argument list.
+	 * 
+	 * @param srcArgs
+	 *            The source arguments
+	 * @param destArgs
+	 *            The destination arguments
+	 * @return The total transformation cost
+	 */
+	private static float getTotalTransformationCost(Class<?>[] srcArgs, Class<?>[] destArgs) {
+		float totalCost = 0.0f;
+		for (int i = 0; i < srcArgs.length; i++) {
+			Class<?> srcClass, destClass;
+			srcClass = srcArgs[i];
+			destClass = destArgs[i];
+			totalCost += getObjectTransformationCost(srcClass, destClass);
+		}
+		return totalCost;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the number of steps required needed to turn the source class into
+	 * the destination class. This represents the number of steps in the object
+	 * hierarchy graph.
+	 * 
+	 * @param srcClass
+	 *            The source class
+	 * @param destClass
+	 *            The destination class
+	 * @return The cost of transforming an object
+	 */
+	private static float getObjectTransformationCost(Class<?> srcClass, Class<?> destClass) {
+		if (destClass.isPrimitive()) {
+			return getPrimitivePromotionCost(srcClass, destClass);
+		}
+		float cost = 0.0f;
+		while (srcClass != null && !destClass.equals(srcClass)) {
+			if (destClass.isInterface() && ClassUtils.isAssignable(srcClass, destClass, true)) {
+				// slight penalty for interface match.
+				// we still want an exact match to override an interface match,
+				// but
+				// an interface match should override anything where we have to
+				// get a superclass.
+				cost += 0.25f;
+				break;
+			}
+			cost++;
+			srcClass = srcClass.getSuperclass();
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If the destination class is null, we've travelled all the way up to
+		 * an Object match. We'll penalize this by adding 1.5 to the cost.
+		 */
+		if (srcClass == null) {
+			cost += 1.5f;
+		}
+		return cost;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Gets the number of steps required to promote a primitive number to
+	 * another type.
+	 * 
+	 * @param srcClass
+	 *            the (primitive) source class
+	 * @param destClass
+	 *            the (primitive) destination class
+	 * @return The cost of promoting the primitive
+	 */
+	private static float getPrimitivePromotionCost(final Class<?> srcClass, final Class<?> destClass) {
+		float cost = 0.0f;
+		Class<?> cls = srcClass;
+		if (!cls.isPrimitive()) {
+			// slight unwrapping penalty
+			cost += 0.1f;
+			cls = ClassUtils.wrapperToPrimitive(cls);
+		}
+		for (int i = 0; cls != destClass && i < ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.length; i++) {
+			if (cls == ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[i]) {
+				cost += 0.1f;
+				if (i < ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES.length - 1) {
+					cls = ORDERED_PRIMITIVE_TYPES[i + 1];
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return cost;
+	}
+
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ReflectionHelper.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ReflectionHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ce1399
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ReflectionHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+package com.example.studyapp.utils;
+
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({ "rawtypes", "unchecked" })
+public class ReflectionHelper {
+	
+	private static final HashMap<String, Field> fieldCache = new HashMap<String, Field>();
+	private static final HashMap<String, Method> methodCache = new HashMap<String, Method>();
+	private static final HashMap<String, Constructor<?>> constructorCache = new HashMap<String, Constructor<?>>();
+	
+	public static boolean hasField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append('#');
+		sb.append(fieldName);
+		String fullFieldName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (fieldCache.containsKey(fullFieldName)) {
+			Field field = fieldCache.get(fullFieldName);
+			if (field == null)
+				return false;
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Field field = findFieldRecursiveImpl(clazz, fieldName);
+			field.setAccessible(true);
+			fieldCache.put(fullFieldName, field);
+			return true;
+		} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+			fieldCache.put(fullFieldName, null);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Field findField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append('#');
+		sb.append(fieldName);
+		String fullFieldName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (fieldCache.containsKey(fullFieldName)) {
+			Field field = fieldCache.get(fullFieldName);
+			if (field == null)
+				throw new NoSuchFieldError(fullFieldName);
+			return field;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Field field = findFieldRecursiveImpl(clazz, fieldName);
+			field.setAccessible(true);
+			fieldCache.put(fullFieldName, field);
+			return field;
+		} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+			fieldCache.put(fullFieldName, null);
+			throw new NoSuchFieldError(fullFieldName);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private static Field findFieldRecursiveImpl(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) throws NoSuchFieldException {
+		try {
+			return clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
+		} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
+			while (true) {
+				clazz = clazz.getSuperclass();
+				if (clazz == null || clazz.equals(Object.class))
+					break;
+
+				try {
+					return clazz.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
+				} catch (NoSuchFieldException ignored) {}
+			}
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Field getField(Class clz, String field) {
+		try {
+			Field fld = findField(clz, field);
+			if (fld != null)
+				fld.setAccessible(true);
+			return fld;
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			android.util.Log.e("Error", "Exception occurred", e);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static Class getClass(String name, ClassLoader cl) {
+		try {
+			return Class.forName(name, false, cl);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean hasClass(String name) {
+		try {
+			Class.forName(name);
+			return true;
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Class getClass(String name) {
+		try {
+			return Class.forName(name);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Class getClass(String name, Class clz) {
+		try {
+			ClassLoader cl = clz.getClassLoader();
+			return Class.forName(name, false, cl);
+		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+
+	public static Object invokeStaticMethod(Class cls, Class[] type, String methodname, Object[] args) {
+		try {
+			Method method = cls.getDeclaredMethod(methodname, type);
+			if (method == null)
+				return null;
+			method.setAccessible(true);
+			return method.invoke(null, args);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static Object invokeStaticMethod(String clsName, Class[] type, String methodname, Object[] args) {
+		Class clzz = null;
+		try {
+			clzz = Class.forName(clsName);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			clzz = null;
+		}
+		if (clzz == null)
+			return null;
+		return invokeStaticMethod(clzz, type, methodname, args);
+	}
+
+	public static Object invokeNonStaticMethod(Object obj, Class[] type, String methodname, Object[] args) {
+		try {
+			Method method = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodname, type);
+			if (method == null)
+				return null;
+			method.setAccessible(true);
+			return method.invoke(obj, args);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Class<?>[] getParameterTypes(Object... args) {
+		Class<?>[] clazzes = new Class<?>[args.length];
+		for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
+			clazzes[i] = (args[i] != null) ? args[i].getClass() : null;
+		}
+		return clazzes;
+	}
+	
+	private static String getParametersString(Class<?>... clazzes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("(");
+		boolean first = true;
+		for (Class<?> clazz : clazzes) {
+			if (first)
+				first = false;
+			else
+				sb.append(",");
+
+			if (clazz != null)
+				sb.append(clazz.getCanonicalName());
+			else
+				sb.append("null");
+		}
+		sb.append(")");
+		return sb.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public static Constructor<?> findConstructorExact(Class<?> clazz, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append(getParametersString(parameterTypes));
+		sb.append("#exact");
+		String fullConstructorName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (constructorCache.containsKey(fullConstructorName)) {
+			Constructor<?> constructor = constructorCache.get(fullConstructorName);
+			if (constructor == null)
+				throw new NoSuchMethodError(fullConstructorName);
+			return constructor;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes);
+			constructor.setAccessible(true);
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, constructor);
+			return constructor;
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, null);
+			throw new NoSuchMethodError(fullConstructorName);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Constructor<?> findConstructorExactThrowNothing(Class<?> clazz, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append(getParametersString(parameterTypes));
+		sb.append("#exact");
+		String fullConstructorName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (constructorCache.containsKey(fullConstructorName)) {
+			Constructor<?> constructor = constructorCache.get(fullConstructorName);
+			return constructor;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(parameterTypes);
+			constructor.setAccessible(true);
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, constructor);
+			return constructor;
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, null);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Constructor<?> findConstructorBestMatch(Class<?> clazz, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append(getParametersString(parameterTypes));
+		sb.append("#bestmatch");
+		String fullConstructorName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (constructorCache.containsKey(fullConstructorName)) {
+			Constructor<?> constructor = constructorCache.get(fullConstructorName);
+			if (constructor == null)
+				throw new NoSuchMethodError(fullConstructorName);
+			return constructor;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Constructor<?> constructor = findConstructorExact(clazz, parameterTypes);
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, constructor);
+			return constructor;
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodError ignored) {}
+		
+		Constructor<?> bestMatch = null;
+		Constructor<?>[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
+		for (Constructor<?> constructor : constructors) {
+			// compare name and parameters
+			if (ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes, constructor.getParameterTypes(), true)) {
+				// get accessible version of method
+				if (bestMatch == null || MemberUtils.compareParameterTypes(
+						constructor.getParameterTypes(),
+						bestMatch.getParameterTypes(),
+						parameterTypes) < 0) {
+					bestMatch = constructor;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if (bestMatch != null) {
+			bestMatch.setAccessible(true);
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, bestMatch);
+			return bestMatch;
+		} else {
+			NoSuchMethodError e = new NoSuchMethodError(fullConstructorName);
+			constructorCache.put(fullConstructorName, null);
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Constructor<?> findConstructorBestMatch(Class<?> clazz, Object... args) {
+		return findConstructorBestMatch(clazz, getParameterTypes(args));
+	}
+	
+	public static Object newInstance(Class<?> clazz, Object... args) {
+		try {
+			return findConstructorBestMatch(clazz, args).newInstance(args);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			e.printStackTrace();
+		}
+		return null;
+	}
+	
+	public static void setObjectField(Object obj, String fieldName, Object value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).set(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setBooleanField(Object obj, String fieldName, boolean value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setBoolean(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setByteField(Object obj, String fieldName, byte value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setByte(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setCharField(Object obj, String fieldName, char value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setChar(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setDoubleField(Object obj, String fieldName, double value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setDouble(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setFloatField(Object obj, String fieldName, float value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setFloat(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setIntField(Object obj, String fieldName, int value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setInt(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setLongField(Object obj, String fieldName, long value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setLong(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setShortField(Object obj, String fieldName, short value) {
+		try {
+			findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).setShort(obj, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	//#################################################################################################
+	public static Object getObjectField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).get(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** For inner classes, return the "this" reference of the surrounding class */
+	public static Object getSurroundingThis(Object obj) {
+		return getObjectField(obj, "this$0");
+	}
+
+	public static boolean getBooleanField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getBoolean(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static byte getByteField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getByte(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static char getCharField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getChar(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static double getDoubleField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getDouble(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static float getFloatField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getFloat(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static int getStaticIntField(Class clz, String fieldName, int defaultVal) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clz, fieldName).getInt(null);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			return defaultVal;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static int getIntField(Object obj, String fieldName, int defaultVal) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getInt(obj);
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			return defaultVal;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static int getIntField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getInt(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static long getLongField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getLong(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static short getShortField(Object obj, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(obj.getClass(), fieldName).getShort(obj);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	//#################################################################################################
+	public static void setStaticObjectField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, Object value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).set(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticBooleanField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, boolean value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setBoolean(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticByteField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, byte value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setByte(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticCharField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, char value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setChar(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticDoubleField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, double value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setDouble(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticFloatField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, float value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setFloat(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticIntField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, int value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setInt(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticLongField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, long value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setLong(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static void setStaticShortField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName, short value) {
+		try {
+			findField(clazz, fieldName).setShort(null, value);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	//#################################################################################################
+	public static Object getStaticObjectField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).get(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static boolean getStaticBooleanField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getBoolean(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static byte getStaticByteField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getByte(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static char getStaticCharField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getChar(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static double getStaticDoubleField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getDouble(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static float getStaticFloatField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getFloat(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static int getStaticIntField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getInt(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static long getStaticLongField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getLong(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static short getStaticShortField(Class<?> clazz, String fieldName) {
+		try {
+			return findField(clazz, fieldName).getShort(null);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Method findMethodExact(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append('#');
+		sb.append(methodName);
+		sb.append(getParametersString(parameterTypes));
+		sb.append("#exact");
+		String fullMethodName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (methodCache.containsKey(fullMethodName)) {
+			Method method = methodCache.get(fullMethodName);
+			if (method == null)
+				throw new NoSuchMethodError(fullMethodName);
+			return method;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
+			method.setAccessible(true);
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, method);
+			return method;
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, null);
+			throw new NoSuchMethodError(fullMethodName);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static boolean hasMethod(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		return findMethodExactThrowNothing(clazz, methodName, parameterTypes) != null;
+	}
+	
+	public static Method findMethodExactThrowNothing(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append('#');
+		sb.append(methodName);
+		sb.append(getParametersString(parameterTypes));
+		sb.append("#exact");
+		String fullMethodName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (methodCache.containsKey(fullMethodName)) {
+			Method method = methodCache.get(fullMethodName);
+			return method;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, parameterTypes);
+			method.setAccessible(true);
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, method);
+			return method;
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, null);
+			return null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public static Object getInstance(String className, String staticFieldName) throws Exception {
+		// 获取目标类的 Class 对象
+		Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
+
+		// 获取指定的静态字段
+		Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(staticFieldName);
+		field.setAccessible(true); // 如果字段是 private，需要通过反射设置可访问
+
+		// 获取静态字段的值
+		return field.get(null); // 静态字段，使用 null 获取值
+	}
+
+
+	public static Method findMethodBestMatch(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
+		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(clazz.getName());
+		sb.append('#');
+		sb.append(methodName);
+		sb.append(getParametersString(parameterTypes));
+		sb.append("#bestmatch");
+		String fullMethodName = sb.toString();
+
+		if (methodCache.containsKey(fullMethodName)) {
+			Method method = methodCache.get(fullMethodName);
+			if (method == null)
+				throw new NoSuchMethodError(fullMethodName);
+			return method;
+		}
+
+		try {
+			Method method = findMethodExact(clazz, methodName, parameterTypes);
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, method);
+			return method;
+		} catch (NoSuchMethodError ignored) {}
+		
+		Method bestMatch = null;
+		Class<?> clz = clazz;
+		boolean considerPrivateMethods = true;
+		do {
+			for (Method method : clz.getDeclaredMethods()) {
+				// don't consider private methods of superclasses
+				if (!considerPrivateMethods && Modifier.isPrivate(method.getModifiers()))
+					continue;
+
+				// compare name and parameters
+				if (method.getName().equals(methodName) && ClassUtils.isAssignable(parameterTypes, method.getParameterTypes(), true)) {
+					// get accessible version of method
+					if (bestMatch == null || MemberUtils.compareParameterTypes(
+							method.getParameterTypes(),
+							bestMatch.getParameterTypes(),
+							parameterTypes) < 0) {
+						bestMatch = method;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			considerPrivateMethods = false;
+		} while ((clz = clz.getSuperclass()) != null);
+
+		if (bestMatch != null) {
+			bestMatch.setAccessible(true);
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, bestMatch);
+			return bestMatch;
+		} else {
+			NoSuchMethodError e = new NoSuchMethodError(fullMethodName);
+			methodCache.put(fullMethodName, null);
+			throw e;
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static Method findMethodBestMatch(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Object... args) {
+		return findMethodBestMatch(clazz, methodName, getParameterTypes(args));
+	}
+	
+	public static Object callMethod(Object obj, String methodName, Object... args) {
+		try {
+			return findMethodBestMatch(obj.getClass(), methodName, args).invoke(obj, args);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+			throw new InvocationTargetError(e.getCause());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Call instance or static method <code>methodName</code> for object <code>obj</code> with the arguments
+	 * <code>args</code>. The types for the arguments will be taken from <code>parameterTypes</code>.
+	 * This array can have items that are <code>null</code>. In this case, the type for this parameter
+	 * is determined from <code>args</code>.
+	 */
+	public static Object callMethod(Object obj, String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
+		try {
+			return findMethodBestMatch(obj.getClass(), methodName, parameterTypes, args).invoke(obj, args);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+			throw new InvocationTargetError(e.getCause());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Call static method <code>methodName</code> for class <code>clazz</code> with the arguments
+	 * <code>args</code>. The types for the arguments will be determined automaticall from <code>args</code>
+	 */
+	public static Object callStaticMethod(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Object... args) {
+		try {
+			return findMethodBestMatch(clazz, methodName, args).invoke(null, args);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+			throw new InvocationTargetError(e.getCause());
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Call static method <code>methodName</code> for class <code>clazz</code> with the arguments
+	 * <code>args</code>. The types for the arguments will be taken from <code>parameterTypes</code>.
+	 * This array can have items that are <code>null</code>. In this case, the type for this parameter
+	 * is determined from <code>args</code>.
+	 */
+	public static Object callStaticMethod(Class<?> clazz, String methodName, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
+		try {
+			return findMethodBestMatch(clazz, methodName, parameterTypes, args).invoke(null, args);
+		} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
+			// should not happen
+			e.printStackTrace();
+			throw new IllegalAccessError(e.getMessage());
+		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+			throw e;
+		} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
+			throw new InvocationTargetError(e.getCause());
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static class InvocationTargetError extends Error {
+		private static final long serialVersionUID = -1070936889459514628L;
+		public InvocationTargetError(Throwable cause) {
+			super(cause);
+		}
+		public InvocationTargetError(String detailMessage, Throwable cause) {
+			super(detailMessage, cause);
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public static String getMethodParams(Class targetClass, String methodName){
+		StringBuffer msg=new StringBuffer();
+		Method[] methods=targetClass.getDeclaredMethods();
+		
+		for(Method method:methods){
+			if(methodName.equals(method.getName())){
+				msg.append(Arrays.toString(method.getParameterTypes()));
+			}
+		}
+		return msg.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public static String getConstructorParams(Class targetClass){
+		StringBuffer msg=new StringBuffer();
+		Constructor[] constructors=targetClass.getDeclaredConstructors();
+		for(Constructor constructor:constructors){
+			msg.append(Arrays.toString(constructor.getParameterTypes()));
+		}
+		return msg.toString();
+	}
+	
+	public static Class[] getMethodParamsForNoOverloading(Class targetClass, String methodName){
+		Class[] result=null;
+		Method[] methods=targetClass.getDeclaredMethods();
+		for(Method method:methods){
+			if(methodName.equals(method.getName())){
+				result=method.getParameterTypes();
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		return result;
+	}
+	
+}
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ShellUtils.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ShellUtils.java
index aefc893..d8e7c4e 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ShellUtils.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/ShellUtils.java
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 package com.example.studyapp.utils;
 
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
+
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -10,6 +13,7 @@ import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 public class ShellUtils {
 
@@ -36,36 +40,56 @@ public class ShellUtils {
     }
 
     public static boolean hasBin(String binName) {
-        if (!binName.matches("^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+$")) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bin name");
+        // 验证 binName 是否符合规则
+        if (binName == null || binName.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bin name cannot be null or empty");
         }
 
-        String[] paths = System.getenv("PATH").split(":");
+        for (char c : binName.toCharArray()) {
+            if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) && c != '.' && c != '_' && c != '-') {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid bin name");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 获取 PATH 环境变量
+        String pathEnv = System.getenv("PATH");
+        if (pathEnv == null) {
+            Log.e("hasBin", "PATH environment variable is not available");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 使用适合当前系统的路径分隔符分割路径
+        String[] paths = pathEnv.split(File.pathSeparator);
         for (String path : paths) {
-            File file = new File(path + File.separator + binName);
+            File file = new File(path, binName); // 使用 File 构造完整路径
             try {
-                if (file.exists() && file.canExecute()) {
+                // 检查文件是否可执行
+                if (file.canExecute()) {
                     return true;
                 }
             } catch (SecurityException e) {
-                Log.e("hasBin", "Security exception occurred: " + e.getMessage());
+                Log.e("hasBin", "Security exception occurred while checking: " + file.getAbsolutePath(), e);
             }
         }
+
+        // 如果未找到可执行文件，返回 false
         return false;
     }
 
-    public static String execRootCmdAndGetResult(String cmd){
+    public static String execRootCmdAndGetResult(String cmd) {
         if (cmd == null || cmd.trim().isEmpty()) {
             Log.e("ShellUtils", "Unsafe or empty command. Aborting execution.");
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsafe or empty command.");
         }
 
+        if (!isCommandSafe(cmd)) {  // 检查命令的合法性
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Detected unsafe command.");
+        }
+
         Process process = null;
-        OutputStream os = null;
-        BufferedReader br = null;
         try {
+            // 初始化并选择 shell
             if (hasBin("su")) {
-                Log.e("ShellUtils", "Attempting to execute command: " + cmd);
                 process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");
             } else if (hasBin("xu")) {
                 process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("xu");
@@ -75,54 +99,61 @@ public class ShellUtils {
                 process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sh");
             }
 
-            os = process.getOutputStream();
-            os.write((cmd + "\n").getBytes());
-            os.write(("exit\n").getBytes());
-            os.flush();
+            // 使用 try-with-resources 关闭流
+            try (OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());
+                 InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
+                 InputStream errorStream = process.getErrorStream();
+                 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
+                 BufferedReader errorReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(errorStream))) {
 
-            // Handle error stream on a separate thread
-            InputStream errorStream = process.getErrorStream();
-            new Thread(() -> {
-                try (BufferedReader errorReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(errorStream))) {
-                    String errorLine;
-                    while ((errorLine = errorReader.readLine()) != null) {
-                        Log.e("ShellUtils", "Error: " + errorLine);
+                // 异步处理错误流
+                Thread errorThread = new Thread(() -> errorReader.lines().forEach(line -> Log.e("ShellUtils", "Shell Error: " + line)));
+                errorThread.start();
+
+                // 写入命令到 shell
+                os.write((cmd + "\n").getBytes());
+                os.write("exit\n".getBytes());
+                os.flush();
+
+                // 等待 process 执行完成
+                if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
+                    if (!process.waitFor(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
+                        process.destroy();
+                        throw new RuntimeException("Shell command execution timeout.");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    while (true) {
+                        try {
+                            process.exitValue();
+                            break;
+                        } catch (IllegalThreadStateException e) {
+                            if (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime > 10000) { // 10 seconds
+                                process.destroy();
+                                throw new RuntimeException("Shell command execution timeout.");
+                            }
+                            Thread.sleep(100); // Sleep briefly before re-checking
+                        }
                     }
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    e.printStackTrace();
                 }
-            }).start();
 
-            process.waitFor();
-            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
-            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-            String line;
-            while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
-                sb.append(line).append("\n");
+                // 读取输出流中的结果
+                StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
+                String line;
+                while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
+                    output.append(line).append("\n");
+                }
+                return output.toString().trim();
             }
-            return sb.toString();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
+        } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
+            Log.e("ShellUtils", "Command execution failed: " + e.getMessage());
+            Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // 恢复中断状态
+            return "Error: " + e.getMessage();
         } finally {
-            if (os != null) {
-                try {
-                    os.close();
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    e.printStackTrace();
-                }
-            }
-            if (br != null) {
-                try {
-                    br.close();
-                } catch (IOException e) {
-                    e.printStackTrace();
-                }
-            }
             if (process != null) {
                 process.destroy();
             }
         }
-        return null;
     }
 
     public static void execRootCmd(String cmd) {
@@ -130,13 +161,46 @@ public class ShellUtils {
             Log.e("ShellUtils", "Unsafe command, aborting.");
             return;
         }
+
         List<String> cmds = new ArrayList<>();
         cmds.add(cmd);
-        execRootCmds(cmds);
+
+        try {
+            // 使用同步块确保线程安全
+            synchronized (ShellUtils.class) {
+                List<String> results = execRootCmds(cmds);
+                for (String result : results) {
+                    Log.d("ShellUtils", "Command Result: " + result); // 可根据生产环境禁用日志
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Log.e("ShellUtils", "Error executing root command: ", e);
+        }
     }
 
     private static boolean isCommandSafe(String cmd) {
-        return cmd.matches("^[a-zA-Z0-9._/:\\- ]+$");
+        // 空和空字符串验证
+        if (cmd == null || cmd.trim().isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 仅允许安全字符
+        if (!cmd.matches("^[a-zA-Z0-9._/:\\- ]+$")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 添加更多逻辑检查，根据预期命令规则
+        // 例如：禁止多重命令，检查逻辑运算符 "&&" 或 "||"
+        if (cmd.contains("&&") || cmd.contains("||")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // 检查命令长度，避免过长命令用于攻击
+        if (cmd.length() > 500) { // 假定命令应当限制在 500 字符以内
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
     }
 
     public static List<String> execRootCmds(List<String> cmds) {
@@ -145,25 +209,63 @@ public class ShellUtils {
         try {
             // 初始化 Shell 环境
             process = hasBin("su") ? Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su") : Runtime.getRuntime().exec("sh");
-            try (OutputStream os = process.getOutputStream();
-                 InputStream is = process.getInputStream();
-                 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is))) {
+
+            // 启动读取线程
+            Process stdProcess = process;
+            Thread stdThread = new Thread(() -> {
+                try (BufferedReader stdReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stdProcess.getInputStream()))) {
+                    List<String> localResults = new ArrayList<>();
+                    String line;
+                    while ((line = stdReader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        localResults.add(line);
+                        Log.d("ShellUtils", "Stdout: " + line);
+                    }
+                    synchronized (results) {
+                        results.addAll(localResults);
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException ioException) {
+                    Log.e("ShellUtils", "Error reading stdout", ioException);
+                }
+            });
+
+            Process finalProcess = process;
+            Thread errThread = new Thread(() -> {
+                try (BufferedReader errReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(finalProcess.getErrorStream()))) {
+                    String line;
+                    while ((line = errReader.readLine()) != null) {
+                        Log.e("ShellUtils", "Stderr: " + line);
+                    }
+                } catch (IOException ioException) {
+                    Log.e("ShellUtils", "Error reading stderr", ioException);
+                }
+            });
+
+            // 启动子线程
+            stdThread.start();
+            errThread.start();
+
+            try (OutputStream os = process.getOutputStream()) {
                 for (String cmd : cmds) {
-                    Log.d("ShellUtils", "Executing command: " + cmd);
+                    if (!isCommandSafe(cmd)) {
+                        Log.w("ShellUtils", "Skipping unsafe command: " + cmd);
+                        continue;
+                    }
                     os.write((cmd + "\n").getBytes());
+                    Log.d("ShellUtils", "Executing command: " + cmd);
                 }
                 os.write("exit\n".getBytes());
                 os.flush();
-                process.waitFor();
-                // 获取命令输出结果
-                String line;
-                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-                    results.add(line);
-                    Log.d("ShellUtils", "Command output: " + line);
-                }
             }
+
+            // 等待子进程完成
+            process.waitFor();
+
+            // 等待子线程完成
+            stdThread.join();
+            errThread.join();
+
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            Log.e("ShellUtils", "Error executing commands: " + e.getMessage());
+            Log.e("ShellUtils", "Error executing commands", e);
         } finally {
             if (process != null) {
                 process.destroy();
@@ -171,4 +273,30 @@ public class ShellUtils {
         }
         return results;
     }
+
+    public static boolean hasRootAccess() {
+        // 记录是否出现安全异常
+        boolean hasSecurityError = false;
+
+        // 检查二进制文件
+        String[] binariesToCheck = {"su", "xu", "vu"};
+        for (String bin : binariesToCheck) {
+            try {
+                if (hasBin(bin)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                hasSecurityError = true;
+                Log.e("ShellUtils", "Security exception while checking: " + bin, e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 判断如果发生安全异常则反馈问题
+        if (hasSecurityError) {
+            Log.w("ShellUtils", "Potential security error detected while checking root access.");
+        }
+
+        // 没有找到合法的二进制文件，则认为无root权限
+        return false;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/V2rayUtil.java b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/V2rayUtil.java
index ac93430..67abe06 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/V2rayUtil.java
+++ b/app/src/main/java/com/example/studyapp/utils/V2rayUtil.java
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@ import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 
 public class V2rayUtil {
     private  static File v2rayConfig,v2rayBinary;
@@ -108,4 +110,67 @@ public class V2rayUtil {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    public static void stopV2Ray() {
+        // 如果二进制文件不存在或不可执行，直接返回
+        if (v2rayBinary == null || !v2rayBinary.exists() || !v2rayBinary.canExecute()) {
+            Log.e("V2Ray", "v2rayBinary is either null, does not exist, or is not executable: " +
+                    (v2rayBinary != null ? v2rayBinary.getAbsolutePath() : "null"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // 创建新线程来处理停止任务
+        new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                // 判断是否有运行中的 v2ray 进程
+                if (isV2rayRunning()) {
+                    String command = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O ? "ps -A" : "ps";
+                    Process psProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command); // 列出所有进程
+                    try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(psProcess.getInputStream()))) {
+                        String line;
+                        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                            // 检查是否是 v2ray 进程
+                            if (line.contains("v2ray")) {
+                                String[] parts = line.trim().split("\\s+");
+                                if (parts.length > 1) {
+                                    String pid = parts[1]; // 获取 PID
+                                    Log.i("V2Ray", "Found V2Ray process, PID: " + pid);
+
+                                    // 发出 kill 指令以终止进程
+                                    Process killProcess = new ProcessBuilder("kill", "-9", pid).start();
+                                    killProcess.waitFor(); // 等待命令完成
+                                    Log.i("V2Ray", "V2Ray stopped successfully.");
+                                    return; // 停止任务完成后退出
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Log.i("V2Ray", "No V2Ray process is currently running.");
+            } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.e("V2Ray", "Error while stopping V2Ray: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+            }
+        }).start();
+    }
+
+    public static boolean isV2rayRunning() {
+        try {
+            String command = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O ? "ps -A" : "ps";
+            Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
+            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()))) {
+                String line;
+                while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
+                    if (line.startsWith("v2ray")) { // 更精确匹配进程描述
+                        Log.i("CustomVpnService", "V2Ray process found: " + line);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Log.i("CustomVpnService", "No V2Ray process is running.");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e("CustomVpnService", "Error checking V2Ray process: " + e.getMessage(), e);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml b/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml
index 23d75da..79326d0 100644
--- a/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml
+++ b/app/src/main/res/layout/activity_main.xml
@@ -3,19 +3,46 @@
     xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
     xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
     android:id="@+id/main"
-    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
-    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+    android:layout_width="match_parent"
+    android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:orientation="vertical"
-    android:layout_gravity="center"
-    tools:context=".MainActivity"
+    android:gravity="center"
     android:padding="16dp"
-    android:background="@drawable/background">
+    android:background="@drawable/background"
+    tools:context=".MainActivity">
 
     <Button
         android:id="@+id/run_script_button"
-        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
-        android:text="点击开始运行"
-        android:contentDescription="运行脚本按钮"
-        android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
+        android:text="开始运行脚本"
+        android:contentDescription="运行脚本按钮" />
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/connectVpnButton"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="开启vpn"
+        android:contentDescription="开启 VPN 按钮" />
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/disconnectVpnButton"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="断开vpn"
+        android:contentDescription="断开 VPN 按钮" />
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/modifyDeviceInfoButton"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="修改设备信息"
+        android:contentDescription="修改设备信息按钮" />
+
+    <Button
+        android:id="@+id/resetDeviceInfoButton"
+        android:layout_width="match_parent"
+        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
+        android:text="重置设备信息"
+        android:contentDescription="重置设备信息按钮" />
 </LinearLayout>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/err.log b/err.log
index 6d84278..44e5434 100644
--- a/err.log
+++ b/err.log
@@ -1,45 +1,106 @@
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.548   301-8923  Vpn                     system_server                        I  Established by com.example.studyapp on tun0
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.551 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 D  Packet Info: TCP=false, DNS=false, Length=76
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.553   933-933   GoogleInpu...hodService com...gle.android.inputmethod.latin  I  GoogleInputMethodService.onStartInput():1247 onStartInput(EditorInfo{EditorInfo{packageName=com.example.studyapp, inputType=0, inputTypeString=NULL, enableLearning=false, autoCorrection=false, autoComplete=false, imeOptions=0, privateImeOptions=null, actionName=UNSPECIFIED, actionLabel=null, initialSelStart=-1, initialSelEnd=-1, initialCapsMode=0, label=null, fieldId=-1, fieldName=null, extras=null, hintText=null, hintLocales=[]}}, false)
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.557 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 E  Error reading packet. Retry attempt 1 (Ask Gemini)
-                                                                                                    java.io.IOException: Stream Closed
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:316)
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:292)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.handleVpnTraffic(CustomVpnService.java:192)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.lambda$startVpn$0$com-example-studyapp-proxy-CustomVpnService(CustomVpnService.java:113)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
-                                                                                                    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.557 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 E  Error reading packet. Retry attempt 2 (Ask Gemini)
-                                                                                                    java.io.IOException: Stream Closed
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:316)
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:292)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.handleVpnTraffic(CustomVpnService.java:192)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.lambda$startVpn$0$com-example-studyapp-proxy-CustomVpnService(CustomVpnService.java:113)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
-                                                                                                    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.557 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 E  Error reading packet. Retry attempt 3 (Ask Gemini)
-                                                                                                    java.io.IOException: Stream Closed
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:316)
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:292)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.handleVpnTraffic(CustomVpnService.java:192)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.lambda$startVpn$0$com-example-studyapp-proxy-CustomVpnService(CustomVpnService.java:113)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
-                                                                                                    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.558 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 E  Error reading packet. Retry attempt 4 (Ask Gemini)
-                                                                                                    java.io.IOException: Stream Closed
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:316)
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:292)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.handleVpnTraffic(CustomVpnService.java:192)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.lambda$startVpn$0$com-example-studyapp-proxy-CustomVpnService(CustomVpnService.java:113)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
-                                                                                                    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.558 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 E  Error reading packet. Retry attempt 5 (Ask Gemini)
-                                                                                                    java.io.IOException: Stream Closed
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:316)
-                                                                                                    	at java.io.FileInputStream.read(FileInputStream.java:292)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.handleVpnTraffic(CustomVpnService.java:192)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService.lambda$startVpn$0$com-example-studyapp-proxy-CustomVpnService(CustomVpnService.java:113)
-                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.proxy.CustomVpnService$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
-                                                                                                    	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.558 41957-42156 CustomVpnService        com.example.studyapp                 E  Max retry reached. Exiting loop.
-2025-05-27 19:04:08.582   301-1568  WindowManager           system_server                        V  getPackagePerformanceMode -- ComponentInfo{com.example.studyapp/com.example.studyapp.MainActivity} -- com.example.studyapp -- mode=0
\ No newline at end of file
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.558 65246-65246 AndroidRuntime          com.example.studyapp                 D  Shutting down VM
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.559 65246-65246 AndroidRuntime          com.example.studyapp                 E  FATAL EXCEPTION: main (Ask Gemini)
+                                                                                                    Process: com.example.studyapp, PID: 65246
+                                                                                                    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Service not registered: com.example.studyapp.MainActivity$1@992d8bc
+                                                                                                    	at android.app.LoadedApk.forgetServiceDispatcher(LoadedApk.java:2015)
+                                                                                                    	at android.app.ContextImpl.unbindService(ContextImpl.java:2076)
+                                                                                                    	at android.content.ContextWrapper.unbindService(ContextWrapper.java:889)
+                                                                                                    	at android.content.ContextWrapper.unbindService(ContextWrapper.java:889)
+                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.MainActivity.stopProxy(MainActivity.java:186)
+                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.MainActivity.lambda$onCreate$2$com-example-studyapp-MainActivity(MainActivity.java:94)
+                                                                                                    	at com.example.studyapp.MainActivity$$ExternalSyntheticLambda5.onClick(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)
+                                                                                                    	at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:7542)
+                                                                                                    	at com.google.android.material.button.MaterialButton.performClick(MaterialButton.java:1218)
+                                                                                                    	at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:7519)
+                                                                                                    	at android.view.View.-$$Nest$mperformClickInternal(Unknown Source:0)
+                                                                                                    	at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:29476)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:942)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
+                                                                                                    	at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7930)
+                                                                                                    	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:936)
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.560   301-56098 ActivityTaskManager     system_server                        W    Force finishing activity com.example.studyapp/.MainActivity
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.566 65246-65246 Process                 com.example.studyapp                 I  Sending signal. PID: 65246 SIG: 9
+---------------------------- PROCESS ENDED (65246) for package com.example.studyapp ----------------------------
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.600   301-317   ActivityManager         system_server                        W  Exception when unbinding service com.example.studyapp/.proxy.CustomVpnService (Ask Gemini)
+                                                                                                    android.os.DeadObjectException
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.BinderProxy.transactNative(Native Method)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.BinderProxy.transact(BinderProxy.java:584)
+                                                                                                    	at android.app.IApplicationThread$Stub$Proxy.scheduleUnbindService(IApplicationThread.java:1346)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.am.ActiveServices.removeConnectionLocked(ActiveServices.java:4923)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.am.ActiveServices.unbindServiceLocked(ActiveServices.java:3173)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.unbindService(ActivityManagerService.java:12798)
+                                                                                                    	at android.app.ContextImpl.unbindService(ContextImpl.java:2079)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn$1.interfaceRemoved(Vpn.java:2076)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.lambda$notifyInterfaceRemoved$3(NetworkManagementService.java:353)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService$$ExternalSyntheticLambda6.sendCallback(Unknown Source:2)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.invokeForAllObservers(NetworkManagementService.java:314)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.notifyInterfaceRemoved(NetworkManagementService.java:353)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService.-$$Nest$mnotifyInterfaceRemoved(Unknown Source:0)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService$NetdUnsolicitedEventListener.lambda$onInterfaceRemoved$6$com-android-server-NetworkManagementService$NetdUnsolicitedEventListener(NetworkManagementService.java:620)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.NetworkManagementService$NetdUnsolicitedEventListener$$ExternalSyntheticLambda0.run(Unknown Source:4)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:942)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.HandlerThread.run(HandlerThread.java:67)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.ServiceThread.run(ServiceThread.java:44)
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.600   301-317   ActivityManager         system_server                        W  Bringing down service while still waiting for start foreground: ServiceRecord{7871f79 u0 com.example.studyapp/.proxy.CustomVpnService}
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.623   301-326   ActivityManager         system_server                        W  Failed to update http proxy for: com.example.studyapp
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.637   301-1242  ActivityManager         system_server                        I  app.info.packageName:com.example.studyapp app.setKilled(true)
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.637   301-1242  ActivityManager         system_server                        I  Process com.example.studyapp (pid 65246) has died: fg +50 TOP
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.637   301-986   WindowManager           system_server                        I  WIN DEATH: Window{d550fa0 u0 com.example.studyapp/com.example.studyapp.MainActivity}
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.637   301-986   InputManager-JNI        system_server                        W  Input channel object 'd550fa0 com.example.studyapp/com.example.studyapp.MainActivity (client)' was disposed without first being removed with the input manager!
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.660   301-321   WindowManager           system_server                        W  Failed to deliver inset state change to w=Window{d550fa0 u0 com.example.studyapp/com.example.studyapp.MainActivity EXITING} (Ask Gemini)
+                                                                                                    android.os.DeadObjectException
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.BinderProxy.transactNative(Native Method)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.BinderProxy.transact(BinderProxy.java:584)
+                                                                                                    	at android.view.IWindow$Stub$Proxy.insetsControlChanged(IWindow.java:473)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowState.notifyInsetsControlChanged(WindowState.java:4015)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.InsetsStateController.lambda$notifyPendingInsetsControlChanged$4$com-android-server-wm-InsetsStateController(InsetsStateController.java:351)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.InsetsStateController$$ExternalSyntheticLambda2.run(Unknown Source:2)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowAnimator.executeAfterPrepareSurfacesRunnables(WindowAnimator.java:345)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.RootWindowContainer.performSurfacePlacementNoTrace(RootWindowContainer.java:832)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.RootWindowContainer.performSurfacePlacement(RootWindowContainer.java:777)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer.performSurfacePlacementLoop(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:177)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer.performSurfacePlacement(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:126)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer.performSurfacePlacement(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:115)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer$Traverser.run(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:57)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:942)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.HandlerThread.run(HandlerThread.java:67)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.ServiceThread.run(ServiceThread.java:44)
+2025-05-29 15:19:05.661   301-321   WindowManager           system_server                        W  Exception thrown during dispatchAppVisibility Window{d550fa0 u0 com.example.studyapp/com.example.studyapp.MainActivity EXITING} (Ask Gemini)
+                                                                                                    android.os.DeadObjectException
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.BinderProxy.transactNative(Native Method)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.BinderProxy.transact(BinderProxy.java:584)
+                                                                                                    	at android.view.IWindow$Stub$Proxy.dispatchAppVisibility(IWindow.java:536)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowState.sendAppVisibilityToClients(WindowState.java:3478)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowContainer.sendAppVisibilityToClients(WindowContainer.java:1234)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowToken.setClientVisible(WindowToken.java:392)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.ActivityRecord.setClientVisible(ActivityRecord.java:6865)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.ActivityRecord.onAnimationFinished(ActivityRecord.java:7687)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.ActivityRecord.postApplyAnimation(ActivityRecord.java:5512)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.ActivityRecord.commitVisibility(ActivityRecord.java:5472)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.ActivityRecord.commitVisibility(ActivityRecord.java:5476)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.AppTransitionController.handleClosingApps(AppTransitionController.java:1194)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.AppTransitionController.handleAppTransitionReady(AppTransitionController.java:304)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.RootWindowContainer.checkAppTransitionReady(RootWindowContainer.java:970)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.RootWindowContainer.performSurfacePlacementNoTrace(RootWindowContainer.java:834)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.RootWindowContainer.performSurfacePlacement(RootWindowContainer.java:777)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer.performSurfacePlacementLoop(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:177)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer.performSurfacePlacement(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:126)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer.performSurfacePlacement(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:115)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.wm.WindowSurfacePlacer$Traverser.run(WindowSurfacePlacer.java:57)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:942)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
+                                                                                                    	at android.os.HandlerThread.run(HandlerThread.java:67)
+                                                                                                    	at com.android.server.ServiceThread.run(ServiceThread.java:44)
+2025-05-29 15:19:06.061   301-320   ActivityTaskManager     system_server                        W  Activity top resumed state loss timeout for ActivityRecord{e2942a u0 com.example.studyapp/.MainActivity} t-1 f}}